PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Psychology is the study of behaviour and mind embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought.Put simply the study of mind,the scientific study of the human mind and its functions.
Also known as manic-depressive illness.According to NIMH bipolar is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood,energy,activity levels and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.I once saw a movie about a mother who was bipolar and her daughter had to take care of her.The mother once changed her mood when she took her daughter from school and all the other children use to make fun of her.So she learned to take responsibilities since her mother was divorced.Anyway the types of bipolar disorder are
Psychology has always interested me because it has to do with humans and all about the explanation of their behaviour.There are different types of psychology such as:
Clinical psychology
Biopsychology
Counseling psychology
Counseling psychology
Cognitive psychology
Comparative psychology
Developmental psychology
Educational psychology
Personality psychology
Sports psychology
e.t.c
Now that we saw the different types of psychology let's see the psychological disorders (I'll show the (kind of) most common and explain them:
Bipolar disorder :
1.Bipolar I Disorder: defined by manic episodes that last 7 days or by manic symptoms that are very serious so the person needs to go to the hospital.Sometimes,depressive episodes occur and lasts typically 2 weeks.Episodes of depression and manic are also possible
2.Bipolar II Disorder: defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes.
3.Cyclothymic Disorder (also cyclothymia): defined by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years (1 year in children and teens).Although the symptoms don't meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic or depressive episode.
Note:People with this disorder are more likely to seek help when they are depressed than when experiencing mania or hypomania.
RISK FACTORS
Brain structure and functioning: Some studies show how the brains of people with this disorder may differ from the brains of healthy people or from people with other mental disorders.
Genetics: A research suggests that people with certain genes are more likely to have bipolar disorder than others.But studies of identical twins have shown that even if one twin appears to have this disorder the other one does not despite the fact that they are identical so genes are not the only risk factors.
Family history: This is simple.If a parent has the bipolar disorder then it's likely for their children to develop this disorder.
Depression :
Major depressive or clinical depression is a common but serious mood disorder.It causes terrible symptoms that affect how you feel,think and handle daily activities such as eating,sleeping,working or studying.
1.Persistent depressive disorder (also dysthymia): It is a depressed mood that lasts for at least two years.The person that is diagnosed with this depressive disorder may have episodes of major depression along with periods of less serr ious symptoms.
2.Perinatal depression: It's a less serious depressive disorder than women experience after giving birth.These women meet a total major depression during pregnancy or after giving birth.This is accompanied with sadness,anxiety and exaustion.
3.Psychotic depression: It occurs when a person has severe depression plus some kind of form of psychosis.The person,for example,may have false fixed beliefs,hearing or seeing upsetting things that other cannot hear or see.It typically has depressive "theme" such as delusions of guilt,poverty or illness.
4.Seasonal depression: It is obvious.During winter months people experience this kind of depression for the fact that there is no sunlight.This form of depression occurs in Sweder and Norway because people do not see the light of the sun.
Signs and Symptoms
- Pessimism or feeling of being hopeless
- Irritability
- Moving or talking more slowly than usual
- Difficulty in concetrating,remembering or taking decisions
- Headaches,cramps or digestive problems without a clear physical cause
- Anxiousness,feeling guilty
- Decreased energy or fatigued
- Feeling restless or having trouble sitting still
- Apetite or weight changes
- Thought of death-suicide,or even suicide attempts
- Difficulty in sleeping,over-sleeping,early-morning awakening
- Personal or family history of depression
- Major life changes,trauma or stress
- Certain physical illnesess and medications
Anxiety Disorder :
Well,anxiety is a normal thing.When facing a problem at work or when taking a test or when making important desicions and then the anxiety goes away.But when we talk about anxiety disorder it's something different.For a person with this disorder the anxiety does not go away and it may even get worse in some occasions.The feeling of anxiety may occur in his/her everyday activities,work,school,relationships e.t.c.There are different types of anxiety disorder.
1.Generalazed Anxiety Disorder:
People with this kind of anxiety have excessive anxiety or worry for months and face several anxiety symptoms such as:
- Irritability
- Muscle tension
- Difficulty controlling the worry
- Sleep problems
- Being easy fatigued
- Restlesness
People with this disorder have recurrent unexpected panic attacks,which are sudden periods of intense fear that may include pounding heart or accelerate heart rate.Symptoms are:
- Feelings of being out of control during a panic attack
- Intense worries about the next attack
- Fear or avoidance of places where panic attacks have occur
- Sudden and repeated attacks of intense fear
3.Social Anxiety Disorder:
People with social anxiety disorder have a marked fear of social or perfomance situations in which they expect to feel embarassed,judged,rejected or fearful of offending others.Symptoms are:
- Staying away from places where there are other people
- It's hard for them to make friends or keeping them
- Blushing,sweating or trembling in front of other people
- Feeling highly anxious when being with other people and having a hard time talking to them
- Being afraid that the other people will judge them
Genetic and enviromental factors
Other factors:
- Shyness
- Being female
- Having few economic resources
- Parental history of mental disorders
- Being divorced or widowed
- Exposure life events in childhood and adulthood
Schizophrenia
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